The anisotropic and mechanical properties of NEWSPRINT PAPER made in Iran were studied in this research. Tear and tensile strengths, modulus of elasticity and breaking length of NEWSPRINT were determined at different angles to machine direction (MD) and at an interval angle of 15o (15, 30, 45, 60, 75) and cross machine direction (CD). The results show that modulus of elasticity, tensile strengths and breaking length of NEWSPRINT PAPER are the highest in machine direction, decreasing with increase of angle and reach the lowest (half) in cross machine direction. There is no significant difference between mentioned properties from 60o to CD. Tear strength of NEWSPRINT PAPER was the lowest values in machine direction, increasing with increase of angle and reach highest (half) at of and then decreases up to CD.

Background and objectives: Pulp and PAPER industries have provided great research opportunities to control systems. Among different methods, partial least square (PLS) regression is a common software modeling used where the variables are numerous and collinear in industrial applications. Broderick et.al. (1995, 1996), Grage (2004), Nordstrom et.al. (2005), and Ortiz-Cordova et.al. (2006) have used this method successfully using experimental or real pulp and PAPER industry data. Mazandaran pulp and PAPER industry as the largest PAPER manufacturer in Iran and the largest wood-based PAPER manufacturer in the Middle East suffers from some process control problems to reach acceptable NEWSPRINT quality for it has the variable fluctuations in production line. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between 56 process variables of stock preparation, and 17 NEWSPRINT quality properties in Mazandaran Wood and PAPER Industries (MWPI) and to develop predictive models.Materials and methods: After preparation of suitable data series considering the time needed for pulp to PAPER, the relations between process variables and NEWSPRINT properties were determined using partial least square regression (PLS) and SAS and SPSS software. After model development, Split-sample cross validation was done to calculate the best number of vectors. Variables Importance for Projections (VIP) statistic was used to determine the importance of independent variables in PLS model and to summarize it.Results: Developing PLS model, 8 calculated latent vectors could categorize and relate variables and determine more than 60 percent of NEWSPRINT properties changes. The first vector as the most important factor, determined changes of 7 NEWSPRINT properties including; Caliper, Bulk, Breaking Length MD, Elongation MD, Burst, Opacity and Air Resistance from some of stock preparation variables including; stock pressure in the third group cleaners, rush to drug speed, stock save-all flow, output of second fan pump, head-box slice opening degree, white water chamber valve. The majority of these process variables influence on fibers bonding quality in NEWSPRINT PAPER.Conclusion: Mazandaran pulp and PAPER industry as one of the largest and most complex manufacturing units in Iran confronts some production alternations. Nevertheless, huge amount of process data is being measured and recorded all day and night in different parts of this complex. Therefore, using PLS model and real data of a part of factory, this research was done and could relate stock preparation variables to final NEWSPRINT properties among many variables by 8 calculated latent vectors. Determination of NEWSPRINT properties changes from defined stock preparation variables among many of them is quite beneficial and facilitates better and more precise control in the factory.

This research down with aim. of study of substitution possibility of bagasse neutral Sulfite semi chemical (NSSC) instead of division of wood pulp for production of NEWSPRINT PAPER in Mazandaran wood and PAPER complex. Cooking of pulp with use of chemicals of Mazandram wood and PAPER factory equal to 20 percent (in dry material basis) in 40 minutes time and 170oc heat. After that bagasse pulp refined with (PFI Mill) refiner to 400±25 CSF Freeness and mixture with CMP pulp of Mazandaran and PAPER factory. Bagasse pulp in ratio 20%, 30%, 40% and 100% of (pure bagasse).Mixture with CMP pulp of Mazandaran wood and PAPER factory with 350±15 CSF Freeness. Bleached long fiber pulp (import) with 550±15 Freeness in 20% level mixture with CMP pulp of factory as blank. One hand sheet with 60 gr/m2 basic weight make from each pulp. Finally: strength properties of hand sheet were determined with used of TAPPI standard. Studies show that, with increasing bagasse pulp, the strength index like Tensile Strength, Burst Strength and Breaking length increased, The only exception was tear Strength, probably the reason of this subject can related to the 20% long fiber pulp in blank sample because long fiber is one of the major factor that influence tear strength and increase it.

The effects of mixing forest hardwood species (including Oak, Maple & Persimmon) and non-forest ones (including Willow & poplar) on optical and mechanical properties of NEWSPRINT produced from CMP were investigated. These species were used instead of MWPI's common used species (including Beech & Hornbeam) regarding to the forest resources diminishing. The pulp (CMP) was prepared under conditions of 85% yield and different cooking times (25-60 min.), temperature of 170oC, L/W= 1.7. The optical and mechanical properties of hand sheets with a basis weight of 60 g/m2 have been assessed. Results indicated that the quality of PAPER was increased by increasing the amount of Poplar and also it was found that the best strength and optical properties were related to the treatments with higher amounts of hornbeam or poplar. However, it should be noted that acceptable results can be achieved by using low amounts of other species mixed with higher percentages of Poplar.

The present study deals with effects of CMP  fines on Mechanical Strength of NEWSPRINT PAPERs ,for which, different batches for CMP fines (0%,10%.20%.30%) of totally 80% is taken. where the remaining 20% of imported long fiber pulp was taken as fixed amount.The study focused on analyzing the effects of CMP fines on Mechanical Strength of NEWSPRINT PAPER, after mixing the pulps and making the handsheets.Generally, the results show the 20% increase in CMP fine amount lead to increase, Folding Endurance and Tensile Strength and decrease in Tear Strength and Tensile Stiffness, Also that changes in CMP fines has no effect on Burst Strength.

The present study deals with effects of CMP fines on optical and physical properties of NEWSPRINT PAPERs, for which, different batches for CMP fines (0%, 10%. 20%. 30%) of totally 80% pulp is taken, Where the remaining 20% of imported long fiber pulp was taken as fixed amount.The study focused on surving the effects of CMP fines on optical and physical properties of NEWSPRINT PAPER, after mixing the pulps and making the handsheets.Generally, the results show the increase in CMP fine amount lead to increase, Air Resistance and Opacity and decrease Caliper and Roughness, Also that changes in CMP fines has no effect on Brightness.

In this research, some chips of bamboo stem in the western part of Mazandaran (Noshahr region) were randomly chosen and CMP Pulps were prepared at the yield of 85% in 120 minutes, then by using cooking conditions of Wood and PAPER Industries of Mazandaran, NEWSPRINT PAPERs were prepared from the bamboo CMP and Mill(MWPI) CMP pulps, first in a separate and then in a mixed way. After that the hand made NEWSPRINT was prepared of 60 gr per each square meter. Then, the optical and mechanical properties were measured and compared based on TAPPI Standard test methods. The results showed that most of the strength of the burst, breaking length, tensile, fold and tear strength were in the handsheets obtained from 100% of bamboo CMP pulp. The lowest strength (except brightness and roughness) was in CMP pulp Mill. The results also pointed out that the above-mentioned features (except brightness) can be improved by using 25-100% of bamboo CMP pulp, too. The results also indicated that 25-100% of the bamboo CMP pulp can replace some of the CMP pulp of MWPI Mill.

In recent years, one of the most important reason for increasing consumption and consequently demand for the imports of all types of PAPER products can be the increase in gross domestic product. Therefore in this research, the relationship between consumption, demand for imports of fine PAPER and economic growth have been investigated using annual time series data in the period of 1984 to 2010.Since the time series are non-stationary (Unit root) and can lead to spurious regression, the stationary of the variables are investigated in its logarithmic form using Augmented Dickey Fuller test (ADF) in two type of intercept; without trend and intercept with trend. After applying the unit root test, in order to understand the interaction between economic growth and consumption and imports of fine PAPERs and direction of the causal relation, the vector auto regressive (VAR) approach including two models and the causality test of granger were used. The results indicate that GDP growth will increase the consumption of writing and printing PAPERs but this relation is one-sided. On the other hand, there is no causality between changes in GDP and imports of printing and writing PAPER, and vice versa. Also, there is the one-side causality between GDP and consumption of NEWSPRINT. In the case of the Granger causality between economic growth and imports of NEWSPRINT, due to reject the null hypothesis, there was no relationship found, and vice versa.

Enough wood supplying for pulp and PAPER industry of our country has been encountered with serious difficulties caused by destruction of forest and wood shortage and fiber resources. Thanks to the developments in the widespread plantation of canola in Iran, in this research, we have studied the specific features of CMP pulp prepared from Rapeseed Straw. For this purpose, Rapeseed Straw CMP pulp was prepared at 160°C temperature, 40 minute time, 5 and 10 percent chemicals charge and 7: 1 cooking liquor and canola stem ratio. In order to brighten the resulted pulp, hydrogen peroxide (5.5%) was applied. The yield of pulp obtained in 5% and 10% cooking chemicals conditions, were 78.07% and 74.07% respectively. In this content, the Strength Properties of the hand sheets prepared were measured as followings: tensile strength, 19.33 and 20.033 Nm/g; Burst strength, 0.83 and 0.57 Kpa.m2/g; tear strength, 2.57 and 3.25 mN.m2/g and Opacity 95.02% and 96.32%. This study has shown that, considering limitations in wood resources, the Rapeseed Straw, could be successfully substituted impart, in pulp and PAPER industry of our country, as a cheap and available lignocelluloses material for producing CMP pulp and PAPERs.